Overview
Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. These hormones are essential for regulating the body's metabolism — when hormone levels are low, the body's processes slow down.
The most common cause of hypothyroidism is autoimmune disease, specifically Hashimoto's thyroiditis, where the body's immune system attacks the thyroid gland. Other causes include surgical removal of the thyroid, radiation therapy, certain medications, and in some cases, inflammation of the thyroid (thyroiditis).
Hypothyroidism can also result from a lack of iodine in the diet or damage to the pituitary gland. Some individuals are born with a non-functioning thyroid gland (congenital hypothyroidism).
Signs & Symptoms
Causes & Risk Factors
Diagnosis
Hypothyroidism is diagnosed through blood tests that measure the levels of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4). A high TSH level and a low T4 level indicate an underactive thyroid.
The free T4 test is particularly important as it measures the amount of hormone available for the body to use. Thyroid antibody tests may also be ordered to determine if the cause is autoimmune.
Treatment Options
Important Facts
Hypothyroidism is very common and highly treatable with proper medication.
It is important to take thyroid medication consistently, typically on an empty stomach in the morning.
Certain medications, supplements, and foods can interfere with thyroid hormone absorption.
Patients should consult their doctor before making medication changes, with significant weight changes, or when planning a pregnancy.
Medical information adapted from American Thyroid Association. Always consult with your physician for personalized medical advice.
Expert Hypothyroidism Care
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